Prostate
cancer is a cancer that is composed and evolved into the prostate gland
(or: the prostate - Prostate gland). This is similar to the prostate
gland, in form, a walnut, which is responsible for seminal fluid, which
nourishes and transports sperm cell production.
Prostate
cancer is one of the most common cancers that appear in males. Get that
as a result of confirmatory diagnosis of prostate gland cancer may
constitute an exciting event for the fear and anxiety, not only because
it is a life threatening disease, but also because the treatment of
prostate cancer can lead to a variety of side effects, including
problems in the bladder and impotence Control (ED / erectile dysfunction
in men - Impotence), but the methods of diagnosis and treatment options
available to prostate cancer have improved so much in recent years.
Have
prostate cancer remains limited, usually, within the limits of the
prostate gland, while the damage is not great and dangerous in
particular. While growing some forms of prostate cancer moderately and
needs a minimum of treatment only, or that he does not need at all
prostate treatment, there are other types of it can be fierce and spread
quickly.
If
prostate cancer is detected in the early stages of the disease, when it
is still confined within the prostate gland, the access to treatment
which would overcome prostate cancer is the biggest disease.
- Symptoms of prostate cancer
In
its early stages, prostate cancer is not accompanied by, usually, by
any side effects can be distinguished and observed. Too many are the
cases in which the diagnosis of prostate cancer is not only after the
tumor has spread beyond the gland. When most men, are the first to
detect, for the first time, the presence of prostate cancer, often,
during a routine examination for the detection of PSA (PSA - Prostate -
specific antigen) or through Asbaa examination (finger) rectal (DRE -
Digital Rectal Examination).
When
you show up, already, symptoms or early signs, nature concerns the
degree of evolution of the cancerous tumor or the extent of its spread
to other organs.
The
first symptoms may include the presence of a cancerous tumor in the
prostate gland problems urinating caused by the pressure posed by the
cancerous tumor on the bladder or the tube that carries urine from the
bladder (urethra - Urethra).
However,
the urination problems can be, usually, a sign of many good problems
(non-malignant) in the prostate gland, such as: hyperplasia Almothy
Hamid (or: hyperplasia nodular, or: enlarged prostate Hamid) (BPH -
Benign prostatic hyperplasia) or prostate infection. So that less than 5
per cent of cases of cancer in the prostate to be accompanied by
urination problems, and as a first initial.
Signs that could indicate problems with urination include:
- Difficulty in urination
- The beginning of the urine out, then stop (more than once) during urination
- Increasing pressure in the flow of urine (Urine flow)
- The appearance of blood in the urine
- The appearance of blood in the semen
- Swelling in the legs
- Discomfort in the pelvis
- Continuous pain in the bones
- The emergence of broken bones
- Pressure on the spine
The causes and risk factors for prostate cancer
Cancer
is a group of abnormal cells that multiply faster than normal cells
pace and refuses to die. And cancer cells have the ability to invade
healthy tissues and cause destruction, either by growth directly on top
of the surrounding tissue, but after moving to other organs in the body,
through the circulatory system or through the lymph glands (Send
metastases - Metastases).
Microscopic
tumor (which can not be seen only with a microscope) can evolve in the
form of small clusters continue to grow and develop to become more
tissue density and more solid.
It
is not known, until now, the real reason that leads to the exact be the
development of prostate cancer and why certain types of tumors behave
differently than others. Researchers believe that a combination of
several different factors are responsible for this development and is
key to understand it. These factors include: genetics, ethnicity,
hormones, nutrition and environmental factors.
Awareness
is a risk factor for prostate cancer is an important element that can
help one to take decisions on whether the need already - though, when -
for an examination for early detection of prostate cancer.
Nutrition
- Men who eat a diet rich in fat and men who are overweight are more
likely to develop prostate cancer. One theory says that fat promotes the
production of testosterone (Testosterone), which could encourage the
production of cancer cells.
Elevated
levels of testosterone (Testosterone) - including that testosterone
stimulates and accelerates the growth of the prostate gland, the men who
ate treatment is a hormone Kan or a central aspect in it, they are more
likely to have prostate cancer than men who have lower levels of
testosterone. Moreover, doctors indicates concern that testosterone
treatment may stimulate the spread of prostate cancer and the outbreak,
if it already exists. Also, testosterone therapy a long and sustained
period can lead, too, to the enlarged prostate gland (benign tumor in
the prostate gland).
Complications of prostate cancer
Complications resulting from prostate cancer may be a direct result of the disease itself or as a result of the treatment.
One
of the biggest fears and the worst in men with prostate cancer, on the
whole, is that cause them the necessary treatments problem early stream
(premature ejaculation / rapid - Ejaculatio praecox) or lack of access
to adequate erection for sexual intercourse (impotence / sexual
dysfunction - Impotence).
Fortunately, various treatments can, through which are available today, the face of these problems and address them.
Diagnosed with prostate cancer
It may have prostate cancer is accompanied by any symptoms at first.
It
could very well be the first show that appears is a specific problem to
be discovered only by a single scanning various tests, such as:
- Asbaa examination (finger) rectal (DRE - Digital Rectal Examination)
- Screening for PSA (PSA - Prostate - specific antigen)
- Ultrasound imaging (Turasaund - Ultrasound) through the anus
- Biopsy (Biopsy) of the prostate gland
Prostate cancer classification:
While
there are results of the examination of the biopsy and presence of a
cancerous tumor, the next step, so-called "category", which aim to
determine the lethality of cancer outbreak. The examination of tissue
samples, and a comparison is made between cancer cells and between
healthy prostate cells. And the greater the degree of difference between
cancer cells and healthy cells, cancer lethality be the highest level
and are more likely to spread more quickly.
Cancer
cells differ among themselves, usually, in terms of shape and size.
Some of these cells may be very deadly, while others do not be lethal,
absolutely. The specialist can pathologist (a specialist Pathology -
Pathologist) to determine the most lethal types of cancer cells and the
diagnosis of the degree of severity and Khtorthma.
Staging
the most commonly used to determine the level of prostate cancer recurs
according to Gleason scale. And determines the Gleason scale (Gleason
Score) staging of 1-5 for the two types of prostate cancer, the most
prevalent, according to the shape of the cells under a microscope. And
determines the sum of the two numbers, which have been acquiring them
staging public cancerous tumor has appointed a person who is subject to
examination. This staging can range between 2 (which is a deadly cancer)
to 10 (which is a very deadly cancer).
Grading prostate cancer:
After
you determine the severity of prostate cancer and the degree of
lethality, comes the next step, which is called "staging", which
determine how far the cancer has spread and outbreak.
And grading of prostate cancer are, usually, according to four levels, depending on the extent of its spread:
First
Class: This class refers to a very preliminary stage of cancer, as it
is still confined to the microscopic area (ie: very small and can not be
seen only with a microscope) doctor can not touch detection.
Second-class: In this class, the sensor can be cancerous tumor, but it is still confined within the prostate gland only.
Third
class: In this class, the tumor had moved and spread to outside the
prostate gland, to Ahoislten Alntin (Ahoisltan which are responsible for
semen production - Seminal vesicle) or to nearby tissues.
Class IV: In this class, the tumor has spread and outbreaks in the lymph nodes, bones, lungs or other organs in the body.
Prostate Cancer Treatment
There
is more than one way in the treatment of prostate cancer. For some men,
it is a combination of a number of treatments, such as surgery with
radiation therapy (Radiotherapy), or radiation therapy with hormonal
treatment (hormone replacement therapy), the best solutions to their
cases. Choose the best method of treatment for a particular man on
several factors.
These
factors include: the cancerous tumor growth speed, how far the tumor
has spread, what is the age of the man and how much is expected to live,
as well as the possible pros and cons associated with each treatment.
The most common and widely used treatments for prostate cancer include:
External beam radiation therapy - EBRT
In
external radiation therapy (radiation Rntjn x - ray) is very powerful
for the destruction of cancer cells is the use of X-rays. This type of
radiation is very effective in destroying cancer cells, but it may also
attack healthy tissue.
Side complications resulting from external radiation therapy and symptoms include:
- Difficulties in urination
- Loose stools, hematochezia (bleeding from the anus - Hematochezia), a
feeling of malaise and discomfort during a bowel or feeling the need to
intestines work continuously and constantly (pester anal)
- Side effects when sexual activity
Instill nuclear grafts (radioactive - Radioactive)
It
has become a way of instilling taste (taste / implant - Implant)
nuclear (radioactive) within the prostate gland, in recent years, and
therapeutic acceptable way to address the common prostate cancer. These
grafts implanted, called brachytherapy (Brachytherapy - radiation
therapy using ionizing radiation, where the radiation source is placed a
short distance / close body User wizard), or, give a dose of radiation
is much higher than external radiation therapy, and over a longer period
of time.
This
therapeutic method is used, usually, in men who have the cancerous
tumor have a small treatment, even medium, size, and those who have
Tdrejehm low in terms of the degree of the disease they have.
Hormonal treatments
Hormone
therapy is aimed at preventing the body from the production of the male
sex hormone testosterone, which can stimulate the production of cancer
cells.
Side effects of hormone therapy include:
- Breast inflation (Gynecomastia)
- Inhibition of sexual desire
- Impotence
- Waves of fever
- overweight
- Reduced muscle mass (Muscle mass) and bone mass (Bone mass)
Pharmaceutical hormones that make up the basic compounds can cause the following:
- Nausea
- Diarrhea
- Fatigue
- Some damage to the liver
The eradication of the prostate gland:
Removal
of the prostate gland by the surgical procedure, which is called "the
eradication of the prostate gland," are made, often, as a means to deal
with the cancerous tumor is still confined within the prostate gland.
During the operation, the surgeon using a number of special techniques
to eradicate the prostate gland and surrounding lymph nodes.
This
surgery can affect the muscles and nerves groups that control the
process of urination and sexual capacity. There are two ways to
eradicate Jrahitan prostate gland are: Surgery suprapubic line, the
lower abdomen, and the surgery perineum (the area between the anus and
the vagina when the female and between the anus and the scrotum in males
- Perineum).
Complications side prostatectomy include, inter alia, also impotence.
- Laparoscopic surgery to eradicate prostate gland with the help of
the robot (Robot - assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy - RALRP).
- Wait-and-wait under the close surveillance and tight.
Checking
blood prepared for the detection of PSA (PSA - Prostate - specific
antigen), can help in the detection of prostate cancer in its early
stages. This test allows for a lot of men choose a period of
wait-and-wait under close monitoring aggravating, as one of the
treatments.
- Chemical treatment (chemotherapy - Chemotherapy).
- Freeze treatment (Cryotherapy).
- Gene therapy (genetic) or the treatment of the immune system.
The prevention of prostate cancer
It
can not prevent prostate cancer, but it can take several measures to
reduce the risk of prostate cancer, or reduce the development if it
actually may be,.
- Healthy nutrition
- The practice of physical activity, regularly
Studies
conducted on the issue of the prevention of prostate cancer has shown
that the drug finasteride (Finasteride) (Brskar - Proscar, or:
Brobaishea - Propecia) can prevent, or hinder, the development of
prostate cancer in men who at the age of 55 years and above.
This
medicine is used today for control of the enlarged prostate and hair
loss in men. But, also it shows that the "Finasteride" (finasteride) a
lot of problems in sexual life and increases the risk of a little more
kinds of lethal prostate cancer. Currently, this medicine is not
recommended as a treatment routine can prevent prostate cancer.